THE NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN LEGAL AID IN CRIMINAL CASES
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Abstract
Even though legal aid is a defense of human rights, violations often occur due to conflicting values held by the parties involved in the particular case. Muslim scholars look at the epistemological side of human rights regarding how a person uses their rights, so human rights are considered relative to the cases. Some Western scholars look at the ontological side of human rights that seems absolute, so this problem raises questions: 1) what is the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of human rights 2) what is the position of the party's rights in legal assistance for criminal cases? This study used philosophy as a method and used maqasid as its approach. Based on a philosophical framework (ontology, epistemology, and axiology), this study found that human rights are relational awareness to realize justice. However, in the context of legal aid in court, human rights must be seen as a relationship between those who have rights and those who are obliged to maintain them, so human rights are seen epistemologically.
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How to Cite
Sabil, J., & Rianto, A. M. (2023). THE NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN LEGAL AID IN CRIMINAL CASES. IJoMaFiM: Indonesian Journal of Maqasid and Fiqh Muqaran, 2(2), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.22373/ijomafim.v2i2.4255
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References
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‘Āsyūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn. Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Dār al-Salām, 2005.
‘Iwaḍ, Ibrāhīm Najīb Muḥammad. Al-Qaḍa’ Fī Al-Islām Tārīkhuh Wa Niẓāmuh. Kairo: Mujamma’ al-Buhūṡ al-Islāmiyah, 1975.
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Aji, Ahmad Mukri. “Hak Dan Kewajiban Asasi Manusia Dalam Perspektif Islam.” Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar‘I 2, no. 2 (2015). http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/salam/article/view/2386.
Al-Durayni, Fatḥī. Al-Ḥaqq Wa Madā Sulṭān Al-Dawlah Fī Taqyīdihi. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 1984.
Al-Fattāḥ, Ismā‘īl ‘Abd. Al-Qiyam Al-Siyāsiyyah Fī Al-Islām. Kairo: Dār al-Ṡaqāfiyyah, 2001.
Al-Khādimī, Nūr al-Dīn Mukhtār. “Fiqh Al-Siyāsah Al-Syar‘Iyyah.” In Taf‘īl Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah Fī Al-Majāl Al-Siyāsī, edited by Muḥammad Salīm Al-‘Awwa,’ 17–54. London: Mū’assasah al-Furqān li al-Turāṡ al-Islāmī, 2014.
Al-Mubārak, Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al’Azīz. Niẓām Al-Qaḍa’ Fī Al-Islām. Riyad: Univ. Islam Muhammad Ibn Sa’ud, 1984.
Al-Mubyaḍ, Muḥammad Aḥmad. Ḥuqūq Al-Insān Fī Ẓill Al-Qiyam Wa Al-Maqāṣid Al-‘Ulyā Fī Al-Islām. Kairo: Mu’assasah al-Mukhtār, 2011.
Al-Nafātī, Burhān. “Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah; Iṭṭār ‘Āmm Li ‘Amal Al-Siyāsī.” In Taf‘īl Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah Fī Al-Majāl Al-Siyāsī, edited by Muḥammad Salīm Al-‘Awwa,’ 55–74. London: Mū’assasah al-Furqān li al-Turāṡ al-Islāmī, 2014.
Al-Qarafi. Kitāb Al-Furūq Anwār Al-Burūq Fī Anwa’ Al-Furūq. Kairo: Dār al-Salām, 2001.
Al-Syaqha’, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb ibn Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad. “Ḥuqūq Al-Insān Fī Ḍu’i ‘Uqūbat Al-Qiṣāṣ Fī Al-Nafs Bayn Al-Syarī‘ah Al-Islāmiyyah Wa Nuẓum Al-Mu‘Āṣarah.” Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, 2000.
Al-Tirmidhī. Sunan Al-Timidhī. Kairo: Mustafā al-Bāb al-Halabī, 1975.
Baidowi, Ahmad. Rekonstruksi Metodologi Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman. Edited by Ahmad Baidowi. Yogyakarta: SUKA Press, 2003.
Baker, Anton, and Ahmad Charis Zubair. Metodologi Penelitian Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1992.
Bappenas. Strategi Nasional Akses Terhadap Keadilan. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2009.
Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Būsmah, Ḥātim ibn Muḥammad. Maqāṣid Al-Qaḍā’ Fī Al-Islām Al-Tanẓīm Al-Qaḍā’ī. Qatar: Wizārat Awqāf wa Syu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah, 2012.
Diantha, I Made Pasek. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif; Dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. 3th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2019.
Eleanora, Fransiska Novita. “Bantuan Hukum Dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Bagi Tersangka.” Lex Jurnalica 9, no. 3 (2012).
Gallagher, Kenneth T. The Philosophy of Knowledge. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964.
Harahap, M.Yahya. Pembahasan Permasalahan Dan Penerapan KUHP (Penyidikan Dan Penuntutan). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2001.
ICJR. “Mengenal Kovenan Internasional Hak Sipil Dan Politik.” Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2012. https://icjr.or.id/mengenal-kovenan-internasional-hak-sipil-dan-politik/.
Jan Hendrik Rapar. Pengantar Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2012.
Kattsoff, Louis O. Elements of Philosophy. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1953.
Medan, Pengadilan Tinggi. “Pedoman Pemberian Bantuan Hukum.” Pengadilan Tinggi Medan, 2018. https://www.pt-medan.go.id/images/file/pedoman-pemberian-bantuan-hukum.pdf.
Muslih, Mohammad. Filsafat Ilmu; Kajian Atas Asumsi Dasar, Paradigma Dan Kerangka Teori Ilmu Pengetahuan. Yogyakarta: Belukar, 2005.
Nations, United. “International Convenant on Civil and Political Right.” New York, 1967.
Praja, Juhaya. S. Filsafat Hukum Islam. Bandung: LPPM, 1995.
Qamaruddin. Peranan Bantuan Hukum Dalam Memajukan Akses Keadilan Masyarakat Marginal Dalam Konteks Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Jakarta, 2007.
Renggong, Ruslan. Hukum Acara Pidana (Memahami Perlindungan HAM Dalam Proses Penahanan Di Indonesia). Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2014.
Rhode, Deborah L. Access to Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Rosyadi, Rahmad, and Siti Hartati. Advokat Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Hukum Positif. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 2002.
Sabil, Jabbar. “EMPOWERING MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ‘AH.” IJoMaFiM: Indonesian Journal of Maqasid and Fiqh Muqaran 1, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 116–32. https://journal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/ijomafin/article/view/2757.
Sabil, Jabbar, Ali Abubakar, and Badrul Munir. Kerukunan Beragama Dalam Sistem Sosial Di Aceh. Edited by Syahrizal Abbas. Banda Aceh: Dinas Syariat Islam, 2017.
Santoso, Topo. Membumikan Hukum Islam: Penegakan Syariat Dalam Wacana Dan Agenda. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2003.
Susanto, Anthon. Realitas Kontrol Dalam Pemeriksaan Pidana. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2004.
Tim Redaksi. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 4th ed. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2008.
Triwibowo, Darmawan. Analisa Terhadap Perkembangan & Prospek Bantuan Hukum Struktural Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Jakarta, 2007.
Zaydān, ‘Abd al-Karīm. Niẓām Al-Qaḍā’ Fī Al-Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut: al-Mū’assasah al-Risālah, 1989.